From Vacuum Tubes to AI

The first electronic switch, the vacuum tube, combined with Boolean logic laid the foundations for modern technologies and computers.

The invention of the transistor marked the decisive transition from bulky, power-hungry vacuum tubes to compact, efficient semiconductor devices, the basis of modern microelectronics.

Integrated circuits, MOSFETs and microprocessors revolutionized electronics and drove computing power, the era in which Gordon Moore predicted its exponential growth (Moore’s Law).

Chip manufacturing combines atomic precision, cutting-edge technology and global expertise to turn raw materials into the multi-layered structures at the heart of our digital world.

A tool to improve a company’s overall financial goals, dissolving the trade-off between speed and cost in production and highlighting the benefits of reducing variability.

The foundry model split the industry by separating chip design from manufacturing, creating specialization along the value chain and a global network of highly specialized companies.

Long production times paired with fast innovation cycles create highly volatile demand. Managing that volatility is one of the industry’s biggest challenges.

The explosion of data and AI to process it is driving specialized chips and energy-efficient technologies, while geopolitical tensions increasingly shape the industry.

Data spaces enable secure, standardized data exchange across systems, breaking down information silos to increase collaboration, efficiency and innovation.

Today’s technologies are reaching atomic limits, but multiple research approaches keep pushing computing power forward to maintain the pace of innovation.